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Mara Buneva
Mara Buneva (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Мара Бунева) (1902, Kalkandelen, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – January 13, 1928, Skoplje, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary,〔Nationalism, Margaret H. Lamb, Heinemann Educational Books, 1975, p. 31.〕〔Encyclopedia of Motherhood, Volume 1, Andrea O'Reilly, SAGE, 2010, ISBN 1412968461, (p. 149. )〕 member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization.〔Bulgarian conspiracy, Joseph Swire, R. Hale Publisher, 1939, p. 210.〕 She is famous for the assassination of a Serbian official Velimir Prelić after which she committed suicide. Today Buneva is considered as a heroine in Bulgaria,〔(Цочо В. Билярски, Мара Бунева и нейното време. Положението на българите във Вардарска Македония през 30-те години на XX век. )〕 while in the Republic of Macedonia she is regarded as a controversial Bulgarophile.〔( Атентаторката на Прелиќ не живее во меморијата на Македонците. На панихидите доаѓаат тие што се чувствуваат Бугари и ја негираат македонската нација. В. Цветаноски, Утрински вестник. 22.02.2007 г. )〕〔(Бугарската окупаторска власт и' оддаде незапаметена почит, Која е контроверзната тетовка што ја слават Бугарите? В. Цветаноски, Утрински вестник. 23.02.2007 г. )〕
== Biography ==
Buneva was born in 1902 in Tetovo, then in the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Between 1915 and 1918 when Vardar Macedonia was under Bulgarian military administration, Buneva studied at the Skopje's Girls' High School.〔Никола Коларов. Слова край Вардар. Библиотека "Целокупна България" № 1, Скопие, 1942, стр. 68.〕 Her father Nikola Bunev was a mayor of Tetovo then, but in 1919 after the Serbian annexation of the area, she moved to Bulgaria.〔 ''At the end of the WWI there were very few historians or ethnographers, who claimed that a separate Macedonian nation existed... Of those Slavs who had developed some sense of national identity, the majority probably considered themselves to be Bulgarians, although they were aware of differences between themselves and the inhabitants of Bulgaria... The question as of whether a Macedonian nation actually existed in the 1940s when a Communist Yugoslavia decided to recognize one is difficult to answer. Some observers argue that even at this time it was doubtful whether the Slavs from Macedonia considered themselves to be a nationality separate from the Bulgarians.'' "The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world", Loring M. Danforth, Princeton University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-691-04356-6, pp. 65-66.〕 Buneva studied there in the Sofia University, and married a Bulgarian officer.〔Подвигът на Мара Бунева, Цочо Билярски, ИК "Анико", 2010, ISBN 9789548247115, стр. 16.〕 In 1926 she divorced, and under the influence of her brother Boris, also a Bulgarian officer, Buneva joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Later on direct order by the leader of the IMRO, Ivan Mihaylov, she was trained in Sofia for fulfilling of a future terrorist actions. In 1927 she went back to Yugoslavia and opened a shop in Skopje with a conspiratorial mission.〔Иван Михайлов: отвъд легендите, Том 1, Иван Гаджев, УИ "Св. Климент Охридски", 2007, стр. 787.〕 There she managed to acquaint herself with Velimir Prelić, the legal adviser of the Serbian governor of the Skopje district. Prelić had been known for ordering arrests and tortures of young local students, members of Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization, who openly opposed the Serbian rule.〔Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Chris Kostov, Peter Lang, 2010, ISBN 3034301960, (p. 77. )〕 The organization was discovered by the authorities in May 1927 and its leaders were arrested. On a trial in Skopje against 20 of them, most were sentenced in December to long-term imprisonment.〔„Националноосвободителната борба в Македония, 1919 - 1941 г.“, Колектив, ИК „Знание“, София, 1998 г., стр.221.〕 As result IMRO ordered the execution of Prelić.〔(Българки стрелят в показни атентати, 06.02.2013, в-к 24 Часа. )〕 At the appointed time on January 13, 1928, Buneva intercepted him on his way to lunch and shot the official after which she shot herself.〔Terrorism and the Politics of Social Change: A Durkheimian Analysis, James Dingley, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2013, ISBN 1409499766, (p. 64. )〕 On the next day, the Serbian police buried Buneva's body at an unknown place.〔Бунев, Борис. Кратки бележки из живота на Мара Бунева, 7 август 1936 година, в: Билярски, Цочо. Подвигът на Мара Бунева (съкратено издание), Анико, София, 2010, стр.45.〕 Prelić also died in hospital a few days later and was buried in Skopje.〔()〕 Her act was part of a violent resistance movement against Serbian policies of forced assimilation of the Macedonian Bulgarians.〔(The British Museum, Mara Buneva (Biographical details). )〕〔''Up until the early twentieth century, the international community viewed Macedonians as a regional variety of Bulgarians, i.e. ''Western Bulgarians''. However during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 the Allies sanctioned Serbian control of much of Macedonia, because they accepted the belief that Macedonians were in fact ''Southern Serbs''. This extraordinary change in opinion can largely be attributed to one man, Jovan Cvijić, a prominent geographer at the University of Belgrade.'' Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, Geographical perspectives on the human past, George W. White, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, ISBN 0847698092, (p. 236. )〕
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